Summary of Jfks Profiles in Courage - 1509 Words

John F. Kennedys Profiles in Courage discusses the presence of moral fiber, or courage, in the careers of 8 different Senators. Throughout the book, Kennedy tells accounts of how a select few Senators showed courage and displayed moral fiber by standing their ground on certain issues when their party and constituents were in great opposition to them. In Profiles of Courage, Kennedy dedicates one chapter to each Senator and his tale of courage. The following Senators were used: John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Thomas Hart Benton, Sam Houston, Edmund G. Ross, Lucius Lamar, George Norris, and Robert A. Taft. John Quincy Adams became a Senator as a Massachusetts Federalist in 1803, but soon broke away from his party. When the time came to†¦show more content†¦Sam Houston, a Senator from Texas, first displayed courage when he refused to support the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Houston believes the passing of this act would further divide the Union by fueling the controversy over slavery. He was the only Southern Democrat to vote against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. His opposition to this Act was considered very Anti-Southern and made him very unpopular. His opposition of this Act was the downfall in his run for Texas governor and his dismissal from Texas legislature in 1857. Two years later, he was asked to run for governor again and here is when Houstons second act of courage is displayed. When he was elected, Houstons term was a great setback to pro-slavery extremists. In response to this, the Texas legislature voted to secede from the Union. Houston refused to take the oath of alle giance to the Confederacy and was ousted from his governing position. His moral fiber and determination, in the end, led to his downfall in politics. His standing up for what he believed in caused the end of his political career. Edmond Ross, a Kansas Republican, displayed courage when he cast the deciding vote in the Johnson Impeachment Proceedings and said that he wanted to see Johnson treated fairly. The other members of the Republican Party just wanted Johnson out of office and therefore, tried to convince the rest of Congress to find Johnson guilty. Ross bravery in going against the grain and standing up forShow MoreRelatedEssay Jfk Informative Speech Outline869 Words   |  4 Pagesattended Harvard University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science cum laude in International Affairs in 1940 (Dallek). B. Support for #1: JFK entered into the U.S. Navy and became a lieutenant with a patrol torpedo boat named PT-109. JFK’s boat was sunk by a Japanese destroyer in the South Pacific Islands on August 2. 1943 C. Support for #1: He rallied his men together and swam for shore. JFK towed a crewman while he swam clenching the man’s life jacket strap between his teeth

Personality Types free essay sample

John Holland theorized on six personality and work environment types, it is believed that if you wish to succeed beyond your fullest penitential you should study these types. Each type of personality is paired with specific job titles that the individual would be likely to excel at. It is important that you know your personality type to be aware of the types of people you are likely to work in harmony with on the job environment. These six personality types are -: * Realistic * Investigative * Artistic * Social * Enterprising * Conventional The Realistic A Realistic is a (Do’er), he or she likes performing activities that evolves or require skills. This person likes hands on work that may require tools and/ or machinery. A realistic prefers solving piratical problems rather than abstract problems, they are very independent, real minded, aggressive and conservative. A realistic is very practical and prefers hectic jobs these jobs include-: * Computer Sciences * Paramedic * Pilot * Police officer, Firefighter * Engineer * Mechanic, Electrician The Investigator The Investigator is a (Thinker). They enjoy doing work that requires scientific or mathematical problems. Investigative personality values theories and science, he or she likes studying, reading and prefers to work with data. They are usually curious, independent and unconventional thinkers, they like to analyze the situation before rushing to conclusions. Investigators are very intelligent but not a leader. An Investigator enjoys research and analyzing situations, they enjoy jobs like-: * Doctor * Researcher * Mathematician * Historian * Chemist, Biologist * Programmer The Artist The Artist is the (Creator), he prefers creativity and originality. He mainly value creative arts, he is known to be self- expressive and emotional. He appreciates sights, sounds and textures that he can draw inspiration from. Artistic personalities are impulsive, visionary, highly motivated and sensitive. The Artist prefers to work in and un-constricting environment that allows self-expression and Creativity, they prefer jobs like-: * Actor * Dancer * Artist * Singer * Designer * Photographer The Socialist The Socialist is a (Helper). Persons with this personality are dedicated leaders, realistic and humanist. This type of personality enjoys training, assisting and developing people. These people are sensitative towards others and make friends easily. Social personalities solve problems by gut feeling and avoid using machines or tools. The Socialist enjoys assisting people and has great communication skills. The usually excel in jobs like -: * Psychologist * Minster * Administrators * Nurse * Police Officer * Real Estate Agent The Enterpriser Enterprising personalities are known as the (Persuader). These personality types enjoy competitiveness and leading. They prefer to solve problems by taking risk and rely on their intuition. The Enterpriser takes pride in his power and status and is talented at influencing others. They appear to be confident and assertive and usually a quick thinker and a problem solver. The Enterprising personality are quick thinkers, confident and influence decisions easily. They prefer jobs like-: * Advertising Agent * Business Managing * Politician * Lawyer * Customer services * Entrepreneur The Conventionalist The Conventional personality is the (Organizer). Persons with this personality type make decisions by following rules. The Conventionalist takes pride in neat, orderly and detailed work. He usually appears to be careful, organized and quiet. These types of people have a strong need to feel secure, certain and follow routine to finish tasks on time. Conventional Personalities likes working with data, numbers and facts. The most recommended jobs for persons of this personality are jobs like-: * Accountant * Tax Consultant * Court Reporter * Computer Operator * Budget Analyst * Administrative Assistant Holland’s Hexagon The diagram above is known as John Holland’s Hexagon, it consist of the six ersonality types. Using Holland’s theory it is said that the personality that is closest to the individual’s personality in the hexagon is highly compatible with the individual. However the most compatible persons would be those with the same personality while the least compatible would be those personality types the furthest away. Realistic Highly Compatible -: * Investigative * Conve ntional Least Compatible -: * Social Explanation A Realistic is highly compatible with the investigative and conventional types because the realistic is more conservative. Realistic also personalities prefer facts or hard evidence rather than superstition or theories. Realistic persons are conservative hence why they are least compatible with the Social Personality. Investigative Highly Compatible -: * Realistic * Artistic Least Compatible -: * Enterprising Explanation The Investigative personalities prefer works with facts however they like working independently without constrictions like the artist. Investigative personalities are least compatible with enterprising personalities because they are not very dominating and competitive. Artistic Highly Compatible -: * Investigative * Social Least Compatible -: * Conventional Explanation Investigative personalities and Artistic personalities are both independent. The Social personalities are enjoys being friendly and social with others which are also traits of an Artistic. The Artistic is least compatible with Conventional personalities because they tend to follow systemic and orderly activities while Artistic personalities prefer originality and creativity. Social Highly Compatible -: * Artistic * Enterprising Least Compatible -: * Realistic Explanation Social are highly compatible with Artistic and Enterprising personalities because they relate well with others and are both highly motivated and energetic. Social personalities are least compatible with realistic because realistic personalities prefer to work alone while Social personalities enjoy working among and with others. Enterprising Highly Compatible -: * Social * Conventional Least Compatible -: * Investigative Explanation Enterprising personalities relate well with Social and Conventional personalities because they are practical, efficient and communicate well with others. Enterprising personalities are least compatible with Investigative personalities because they prefer theory and information while Enterprising prefer to make quick decisions and is a fast thinker. Conventional Highly Compatible -: * Enterprising * Realistic Least Compatible -: * Artistic Explanation The least compatible personality with Conventional is Artistic because they prefer creativity while Conventional thinkers prefers precise and orderly task. They are highly compatible with Enterprising and Realistic personalities because they are conservative and carefully observer.

Mercury Essay Example For Students

Mercury Essay MercuryMercury’s symbol is Hg, its atomic number is 80, its atomic mass is 200.59, its in group 12 and in period 6, and it also has two valence electrons. Its standard state is liquid at 298K and it is the heaviest known elemental liquid. It has a silvery white color. It is named after the planet Mercury the origin of the symbol Hg is the Latin word hydrargyrum meaning liquid silver. Mercury was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 B.C. and was found in tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500 B.C. Mercury is the only metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It sometimes occurs free in nature and is found mainly in cinnabar ore which is HgS. Cinnabar ore is found in Spain and Italy. Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white metal which forms alloys easily with many metals like gold, silver, and tin. These alloys are called amalgams. Its way of amalgamating with gold is made use of the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is a bad con ductor of heat and a okay conductor of electricity. The most important salts are mercuric chloride HgC12 which is a corrosive and violent poison. Mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2 which used to be used in medicine. Mercury fulminate Hg(ONC)2 used as a detonator in explosives and mercuric sulfide HgS used as a high-grade paint pigment. Organic mercury compounds are important and dangerous. Methyl mercury is a lethal pollutant found in rivers and lakes. Mercury is a virulent poison and is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through unbroken skin. It acts as a cumulative poison since there are few pathways available to the body for its excretion. Since mercury is a very readily vaporizable element at a relatively low temperature, dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Air saturated with mercury vapor at 20C contains a concentration that exceeds the toxic limit many times. The danger increases at higher temperatures. It is therefore important th at mercury be handled with care. Containers of mercury should be securely covered and spillage should be avoided. Mercury should only be handled under a well-ventilated area. Mercury is well known because of its use in many thermometers. It was common to demonstrate the formation of mercury in the laboratory by heating mercury sulfide. This method forms the basis of commercial extraction to get mercury. The prepared cinnabar ore is heated in a current of air and the mercury vapor condensed.

Asian Religion and Technology free essay sample

An overview of the uses and effects of materialism, Westernization, Christianity and modernization on religious life in Asia (India and Thailand). Asian Religion and Technology Asia has not escaped the impact of modernization. Changes began in the religious-cultural systems in Asia with contact and colonization. Traditional Asian religions recognize kingship as a divine right and responsibility from which political organization follows. The legitimacy, of a government, derives from divinity, not from the population (Engel, 1994, p. 429). Westernization, modernization, and technology have made their impact felt on the religions and culture of the people of Asia. The beginnings, of the impact of western methods and technology, were perceived with the recognition of the nation-state. Modern technology continues to change how Asian religions are practiced and to an extent their belief systems. The importation of western governmental and social belief systems has also had a

Gene One - Going Public

Gene One - Going Public Free Online Research Papers Introduction Making the decision to transition from a private to public company, Gene One faces many obstacles that must be overcome in order to be established as strong competitor on Wall Street. The goal of Gene One is to go IPO within 3 years and increase annual growth targets by 40 percent without sacrificing the culture of the organization. Having received resignations from top executives based on the company’s decision to go public, Gene One has the challenge of forming a senior leadership team that is capable of making the transition. The team needs to ensure requirements of the SEC are met to avoid future consequences. By benchmarking other companies, Gene One will be able to learn from the best practices as well as the mistakes that have been made when going IPO. Taking advantage of this information will lead to a successful transition and allow Gene One to accomplish the goals executives have set forth. Course Concepts Formalization and Span of Control are two course concepts that are reflective in Entergy Corporation and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. â€Å"Formalization is the degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms†. In other words, formalization represents the establishment of standardization as a coordinating mechanism (McShane and Glinow, 2005). J. Wayne Leonard, CEO since 1999 has been responsible for leading the organization and setting philosophies and long-term strategies that are consistently applied and implemented. â€Å"CEOs and other employees with strong security needs and a low tolerance for ambiguity like working in highly formalized organizations, others become alienated and feel powerless in formalized areas† (McShane and Glinow, 2005). Employees at Pfizer and Entergy Corporation share the need for strong security and low ambiguity. The Span of Control describes the number of employees reporting to the subsequent in the organizational pecking order. Entergy Corporation and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals are both large organizations and it would be very difficult for one supervisor to supervise 75 or more people. The span of control consists of a relatively narrow margin of control limiting 20 or less employees per supervisor. Span of control and centralization are two course concepts that were discovered in both Radio One and 1st Pacific Bancorp. McShane and Glinow (2005) defines span of control as the number of people directly reporting to the next in the organizational hierarchy. Catherine Hughes and her son Alfred Liggins are joined in the top ranking by three other top executives. They oversee the work of 14 senior managers and a board that consists of 7 members. This differs from 1st Pacific Bancorp. The company has seven members on its board of directors that works with an advisory board consisting of 29 members and four senior managers. Centralization means that formal decision-making authority is held by a small group of people, typically those at the top of the organizational hierarchy (McShane and Glinow 2005). Both companies have centralized structures. The founder and other top executives serve in their position as well as on the board of directors. Therefore, they are involved in different aspects of the business and can make decisions using different viewpoints. Starbucks Coffee Corporation and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts share the element of centralization. This means that formal decision authority is held by a small group of people, typically senior management. Unlike Starbucks Coffee and Krispy Kreme â€Å"many organizations decentralize as they become larger and more complex because senior executives lack the necessary time and expertise to process all decisions† (McShane and Glinow, 2005). In 1982, Schultz became director of retail operation (Wilson, 2008). When Shultz took over a new era begin for the business. Schultz spent all his time at the stores trying to make everything perfect in every way. Krispy Kreme struggled for a few years, but in 1989 the company had become debt-free and slowly begun to expand. The practices of Starbucks Coffee Corporation and Krispy Kreme Doughnuts are indicative of their commitment to remain manageable and centralized. Google and Clearwire Corporation both share the fundamentals of a formalized organization. They operate under standardized behavior through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms that have contributed to the organizations successful performance. As a private company Google was hugely successful and because of this they were not expected to go public especially as soon as they did. Since 1999 the company had raised $40 million and had enough cash flow to continue business as is. Formalization plays a major role in the rapid growth rates that are believed to be a result of Clearwire’s innovative services which lead customers to choose broadband over cable modem and DSL internet services. The company has advantages over existing wireless networks when it comes to speed, portability, and reliability (NASDAQ, 2008). Compare and Contrast In comparison to Gene One, Entergys continuing proposal is to maintain equilibrium and industry comprehension to position Entergy as a leading incorporated wholesale energy company. At Gene One distinct planned initiatives helped to inflate the organization to a successful high. Entergy Corporation’s clear planned initiatives in nuclear generation collection, develop power projects in preferred expansion markets, fabricate product advertising and trading capabilities, and reinforce core utility authorization have taken them to equal heights. Entergy’s revenue was more than $11 billion in 2007 and it employs approximately 14,000 people according to the 2007 Annual Report† (Entergy, 2008). The organizational culture at Entergy Corporation demands the highest ethical standards. The reliable ethical ideology at Gene One, along with their ground-breaking initiatives in the biotechnology arena have propelled Gene One to the forefront of that industry as Entergy Corporation has propelled in the nuclear energy industry. Like Gene One is in the biotechnology industry, Pfizer is devoted to being a global controller in healthcare and to assisting with changing millions of lives for the better through providing admission to secure, efficient, and reasonably priced medicines and link healthcare services to the people who need them. Radio One emerged in a short time as a leader in it field as well as Gene One. The focal point of their training is in urban markets. Without much opposition they have been able to expand top skills in programming promotion and turnaround know-how. Gene One has immense potential to use the public’s interest in biotechnology to expand the company. Radio One was able to gain a periphery in the entertainment business by expanding from radio into magazines and the World Wide Web. Several ways to keep growing include acquiring other businesses, contributing new products, services, and technologies, and selling shares of the company in the public market. The Initial Public Offering of common Stock for Radio One was filed in 1999. Forward-looking statements for the company were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The initial IPO for 1st Pacific Bancorp was filed and completed in 2000 (NASDAQ, 1976). In 2007 the company underwent reorganization. This allowed a holding company to be formed. This holding company is known as 1st Pacific Bank. The banks outstanding stock was converted into an equal number of public company shares. Domestic growth of Starbucks Coffee Corporation has slowed down, although the company continues to expand in foreign markets. The first location outside of the United States and Canada was established in 1996 (Wilson, 2008). In 1991, Starbucks had 165 stores operating. Starbucks has become nationally known. This company currently has expanded to 7,225 stores including overseas operations (Wilson, 2008). Krispy Kreme continues to grow and thrive through the production of over 20 varieties of doughnuts, a variety of coffees, and other beverages and the opening of new stores. Today the company continues to expand the international operations. On April 29, 2004 Google announced that they would go IPO and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Like Gene One, Google was able to pull off its initial public offering the company faced many obstacles along the way. The number of shares dropped and the organization was faced with the decision not to seek assistance from skeptical investors. Clearwire entered the public market with considerable losses and huge debt. The company merely needed IPO capital in order to endure. Losses are predicted to amplify in the years to come however; the certainty is that by 2011 Clearwire will become lucrative (Cook, 2007). Having a founder who has had much success in the industry and receiving backing by big-name investor’s success is definitely possible for Clearwire. Conclusion Gene One can learn from each organizations mishap of innovative ideas as presented in each synopsis. The responsibility of leadership within each organization presented and Gene One is to keep employees informed as the organizations move forward with the IPO process. Gene One and the other organizations will use whatever resources are available to prior to determining if outsourcing prior to the IPO offering is necessary. References Cintron, Ivan. (2008). High Beam Research. Black Enterprise. Retrieved December 18, 2008 from www.highbeam.com Cook, J. (2007, March 8). Clearwire IPO nets $600 million. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved December 20, 2008, from http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/306553_clearwire08.html. Entergy Corporation, (2008). Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from https://www.entergy.com. Garza, George. (2007). The History of Starbucks. Retrieved December 19, 2008 from https://www.catalogs.com. Krispy Kreme. (2008). Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Coffee Since 1937. Retrieved December 19, 2008 from krispykreme.com. McShane, S.L. Glinow, M.V. (2005). Organizational Behavior: Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies. NASDAQ (1976). 1st Pacific Bancorp. Retrieved December 12, 2008, from http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/edgar_conv_html%2f2008%2f03%2f31%2f0001047469-08-003795.html#FIS_BUSINESS NASDAQ (2008). SEC Filings: Clearwire Corporation. Retrieved December 18, 2008 from http://secfilings.nasdaq.com/edgar_conv_html%2f2008%2f03%2f13%2f0000891020-08-000056.html#FIS_BUSINESS Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (2008). Retrieved on December 19, 2008 from https:www.pfizer.com. Radio One (2008). Radio One The Urban Media Specialist. Retrieved December 18, 2008, from www.radio-one.com/about. Tunick, B. E. (2005, January 17). Google goes its own way. Investment Dealers Digest, 71(2), 56-57. Retrieved December 20, 2008, from Business source complete database. Wilson, Randy 2008 The Coffee Site: Starbucks Coffee History Retrieved December 19, 2008 from htts://www.twilightroastery.com Entergy Corporation (Anita Clark) The Entergy Corporation began with a mound of sawdust and a handshake. The sawdust belonged to H. H. Foster, president of the Arkansas Land and Lumber Company. The handshake was between Foster and Harvey Couch, president of Arkansas Power Company. Entergy New Orleans, a company of Entergy Corporation, is an electric and gas utility serving Orleans Parish. Entergy New Orleans plays a fundamental role in economic development through its operations in New Orleans. Like Gene One, Entergys long-term plan is to influence balance and industry knowledge to set up Entergy as a leading incorporated wholesale energy company. At Gene One defined planned initiatives helped to expand the organization to a successful high. Entergy Corporation’s defined planned initiatives in nuclear generation collection, develop power projects in chosen expansion markets, build product advertising and trading capabilities, and reinforce core utility authorization have taken them to equal heights. A member of the Fortune 500, Entergy, owns and operates power plants with roughly 30,000 megawatts of electric generating capability, and it is the second-largest nuclear generator in the United States. â€Å"Entergy delivers electricity to 2.7 million utility customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Energy’s revenue was more than $11 billion in 2007 and it employs approximately 14,000 people according to the 2007 Annual Report† (Entergy, 2008). The culture at Entergy Corporation demands the highest ethical standards. The sound ethical principles at Gene One, along with their innovative initiatives in the biotechnology have propelled the organization to the forefront of that industry as Entergy Corporation has propelled in the nuclear energy industry. J. Wayne Leonard, CEO since 1999 has been responsible for leading the organization and setting philosophies and long-term strategies that are consistently applied and implemented. â€Å"CEOs and other employees with strong security needs and a low tolerance for ambiguity like working in highly formalized organizations, other become alienated and feels powerless in formalized areas† (McShane and Glinow (2005). Organizing objectives and plans that meet the needs of shareholders, stakeholders and employees is essential. J. Wayne Leonard effectively led the Entergy Corporation organization through the restoration of power in Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas after Hurricane’s Katrina and Rita. This tremendous effort is indicative to the values and ethics that Entergy Corporation abides by on a daily basis. These qualities are not unique to Gene One as they make the quest for public trading. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (Anita Clark) Pfizer was founded by cousins, Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart in 1849, the pharmaceutical organization has remained committed to discovering and developing innovative, and enhanced, ways to treat and prevent disease and advance the health and value of life for people around the world. From the phenomenon of penicillin to the patient support program Pfizer has developed the organization strives to grow bigger and stronger every day. The organization sets strides to continue to explore the rich history and see how organizational planning continually evolved the organization to keep pace with the needs and expectations of the stakeholders and society as a whole. Like Gene One is in the biotechnology industry, Pfizer is dedicated to being a global organizer in health care and to assisting with changing millions of lives for the better through providing admission to secure, efficient and reasonably priced medicines and linked health care services to the people who need them. â€Å"Pfizer has a primary collection of medicines that avert, treat and cure diseases across a wide variety of therapeutic areas, and an industry-leading channel of capable new products in areas such as oncology, cardiovascular disease and diabetes† (Pfizer, 2008). Gene One has a collection of research efforts that provided the elements required for the organization to reach the level of public trading. Pfizer is a member of today’s fast evolving global society, everyone is determined to adjust to the developing requirements of society and be a factor to the overall health and wellness of our world. The organization is continually reviewing and improving efforts to reduce the impact on the environment, cultivate a workplace of multiplicity and addition, conduct reliable business practices, and support the uppermost ethical standards in everything from research and development to sales and marketing. In comparison to Gene One, both organizations have high ethical standards when it comes to employee responsibility for organizational growth, research and marketing the products. Pfizer continues to build partnerships in communities all over the world to reinforce health systems, increase admission to medicines and find sustainable solutions to the health challenges of today, and tomorrow. Course Concepts Formalization and Span of Control are two course concepts that are reflective in Entergy Corporation and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. â€Å"Formalization is the degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms. In other words, formalization represents the establishment of standardization as a coordinating mechanism (McShane and Glinow, 2005). The Span of Control describes the number of employees reporting to the subsequent in the organizational pecking order. Entergy Corporation and Pfizer Pharmaceuticals are both large organizations and it would be very difficult for one supervisor to supervise 75 or more people. The span of control consists of a relatively narrow margin of control limiting 20 or less employees per supervisor. Gene One fits the span of control pecking order. There are different groups or departments with a corresponding supervisor depending of the area. Starbucks Coffee Corporation (Sharmeka Clark) Starbucks Coffee Corporation is a national coffeehouse chain based in the United States. The company was founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington, as a local coffee bean roaster and retailer. Starbuck original founders were three friends Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker, and Zev Siegl who shared a passion for fresh coffee (Garza, 2007). The men named the company after the first mate in the novel Moby-Dick. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, other hot and cold drinks, snacks and items such as mugs and coffee beans. Domestic growth of the company has slowed down, although the company continues to expand in foreign markets. The first location outside of the United States and Canada was established in 1996 (Wilson, 2008). The founders designed their own well known logo for Starbucks. Baldwin, Bowker, and Siegl never thought this small company would become a large company. As time progressed the founders began to have other interests and were involved in other careers. A man by the name of Howard Schultz started to show an interest in the company. In 1982, Schultz became director of retail operation (Wilson, 2008). When Shultz took over a new era begin for the business. Schultz spent all his time at the stores trying to make everything perfect in every way. One of Schultz biggest ideas came from a visit to Italy. During this trip Schultz experienced going to a coffee shop and seeing the idea of an espresso bar. This was not going to be an easy task but finally in 1984 Starbucks opened the espresso bar within the Starbucks franchise (Garza, 2007). Today, Starbucks is known as an Espresso bar, few people order regular coffee. In 1985, Schultz decided to go on to a new adventure. He left Starbucks. The company has still continued expansions. In 1987, a store in Chicago was opened this would quickly expand to Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles. In 1991, Starbucks had 165 stores operating. Starbucks has become nationally known. This company currently has expanded to 7,225 stores including overseas operations (Wilson, 2008). Krispy Kreme Doughnuts (Sharmeka Clark) Krispy Kreme Doughnuts began operating in the mid-1930s when a doughnut maker named Vernon Rudolph bought a secret recipe for yeast-raised doughnuts from a French pastry chef out of New Orleans, Louisiana. Mr. Rudolph moved to Winston-Salem, North Carolina and, on July 13, 1937, opened up a wholesale business selling Krispy Kreme doughnuts to local grocery stores (Krispy Keme, 2008). People began requesting the purchase of hot doughnuts, so Rudolph cut a hole in the factory wall and sold hot original glazed doughnuts directly to customers. By the 1940s and 1950s there were a small chain of Krispy Kreme stores that were mostly family-owned. During the 1960s Krispy Kreme had a steady growth throughout the Southeast and began expanding. Vernon Rudolph died in 1973. Beatrice Foods bought the company and quickly expanded it to more than 100 locations. Beatrice Foods introduced other products in addition to the doughnuts, such as soups and sandwiches (Krispy Keme, 2008) the new owners also cut costs by changing the appearance of the stores and substituting cheaper ingredients in the doughnut mixture. In 1980 the company was starting to fail in production and finance, so Beatrice Foods put it up for sale. A group of franchisees, who were in the original Krispy Kreme franchisees, completed the buyout of the company in 1982. They also bought back the original doughnut recipe and the companys traditional logo (Krispy Kreme, 2008). Krispy Kreme struggled for a few years, but in 1989 the company had become debt-free and slowly begun to expand. A store was opened in New York in 1986, and in 1999 Krispy Kreme opened in California. In December 2001 the franchise opened the first international store in Canada. Today the company continues to expand the international operations. Krispy Kreme Doughnuts celebrated 60-years of being in business in 1997. The company has been recognized by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History (Krispy Keme, 2008). The company continues to grow and thrive through the production of over 20 varieties of doughnuts, a variety of coffees, and other beverages and the opening of new stores. Radio One (Sheena Johnson) Radio One Inc. is one of the largest radio broadcast companies (Radio One, 2008). The company was founded over 25 years ago its media targets primarily African-American markets. Chairperson and Founder, Catherine Hughes partnered with her son Alfred Liggins to run the company. Her son acts as CEO and President Radio One Inc. owns and or operates over 50 radios stations in 16 different markets, Giant Magazine, cable network TV One LLC, and Reach Media Inc. also known as www.blackamericaweb.com (Radio One, 2008). Like Gene One, Radio One emerged in a short time as a leader in it field. The focus of their programming is in urban markets. Without much competition they have been able to develop top skills in programming marketing and turnaround expertise. Gene One has great potential to use the public’s interest in biotechnology to expand the company. Radio One was able to gain an edge in the entertainment business buy expanding from radio into magazines and the World Wide Web. Ways to keep expanding include acquiring other business, offering new products, services and technologies, and selling shares of the company in the public market. Prior to 1999 Radio One was a privately owned company. Its market base began on the east coast out of Lanham, Maryland. The operations were growing but still limited to the Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington DC markets. The trendsetting urban media was not unlike the new gene technology of Gene One. There was obvious growth potential with both companies meaning that going public would boost sales and investments. The Initial Public Offering of common Stock for Radio One was filed in 1999. Forward-looking statements for the company were filed with the SEC, Securities Exchange. The statements included information about management’s expectations, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could possibly affect the future performance and achievements of the company. Radio One filed to sell 5 million shares of Class A stock (Cintron, 2008). Hughes and Liggens wanted to use the proceeds of the stock to acquire new business, to develop new activities and services, and also for o ther corporate purposes. After the first year as a public company it gross earnings increased from $28.2 million to $93.2 million in a year. 1st Pacific Bancorp (Sheena Johnson) 1st Pacific Bancorp was incorporated on August 4, 2006. The corporation serves as an umbrella for several local banking institutions in the San Diego, California area. 1st Pacific Bancorp has grown with the city. San Diego started from a small military into one of the nation’s most recognized cities. The company was able to capitalize on the city’s growth. New branches were opened and other privately own banks were acquired. The target customers live and work within the city limits. Banking services include consumer loans, deposits products and services, back deposits, cash management services and internet banking (NASDAQ, 1976). The company introduced a new service in 2006. This new technology goes by the name of Remote Deposit Capture. This service allows clients to make deposits into their business accounts from their place of business. 1st Pacific Bancorp can be an example for Gene One. Gene One is looking to develop new technologies prior to becoming a publicly traded company but they need investors to accomplish this goal. 1st Pacific became public and than developed new services and they have been proven successful in their market. Gene One has become more successful thanks to their gene technology that eradicated disease in tomatoes potatoes. They could improve upon this technology to get more investors instead of attempting to raise money for new costly technologies. The initial IPO for 1st Pacific Bancorp was filed and completed in 2000 (NASDAQ, 1976). In 2007 the company underwent reorganization. This allowed a holding company to be formed. This holding company is known as 1st Pacific Bank. The banks outstanding stock was converted into an equal number of public company shares. Course Concepts: Span of control and centralization are two course concepts that were discovered in both Radio One and 1st Pacific Bancorp. McShane and Glinow (2005) defines span of control as the number of people directly reporting to the next in the organizational hierarchy. Catherine Hughes and her son Alfred Liggins are joined in the top ranking by three other top executives. They oversee the work of 14 senior managers and a board that consists of 7 members. This differs from 1st Pacific Bancorp. The company has seven members on its board of directors that works with an advisory board consisting of 29 members and four senior managers. Centralization means that formal decision-making authority is held by a small group of people, typically those at the top of the organizational hierarchy (McShane and Glinow 2005). Both companies have centralized structures. The founder and other top executives serve in their position as well as on the board of director. Therefore they are involved in different aspects of the business and can make decisions using different viewpoints. Google (Eve Young) Meeting at Stanford University, Sergey Brin and Larry Page founded Google in 1998 with a focus of improving the way people connect with information. As a private company Google was hugely successful and because of this they were not expected to go public especially as soon as they did. Since 1999 the company had raised $40 million and had enough cash flow to continue business as is. However, on April 29, 2004 Google announced that they would go IPO and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Using the non-traditional Dutch auctioning system the company was able to keep control over choosing the investment bankers while opening the deal to any firm that was willing to bid. In the end, Credit Suisse First Boston and Morgan Stanley were chosen to complete the underwriting process (Tunick, 2005). While Google was able to pull off its initial public offering the company faced many obstacles along the way. Finding themselves setting price for shares during a time that was slow for new issuance forced Google to cut the price to $85 per share from the $108 to $135 price per share that the company had hoped. The number of shares offered also dropped from 25.7 million to 19.6 million. Google also faced scrutiny for their decision not to divulge financial guidance to skeptical investors and withholding any details regarding the deal by swearing involved bankers to secrecy. Google’s founders also interviewed with Playboy magazine which was a violation of the SEC’s required quiet-period. It was thought that this violation would lead to pulling the deal (Tunick, 2005). Google’s stock was successful despite all the obstacles and criticism. The offering price closed at $100.34 per share which was an 18 percent increase from the initial offering. Increasing 127% over the offering, at the end of 2004 shares closed at $192.79 (Tunick, 2005). Google remains the most popular web search web site today due to the company’s continued development of innovative products and services for users. Clearwire Corporation (Eve Young) Founded in October 2003 by telecommunications pioneer, Craig McCaw, Clearwire Corporation offers wireless broadband services to homes and businesses via WiMax technology. Having had lost $459 million in December 2006, the company looked to going IPO as an opportunity to expand its high-speed wireless networks. Clearwire went public in March of the following year using Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley and JP Morgan to underwrite the deal (Cook, 2007). The business quickly grew after its initial price offering. By December 31, 2007 the company offered services to more than 16.3 million people and 46 markets in the United States. The rapid growth rates are believed to be a result of Clearwire’s innovative services which lead customers to choose broadband over cable modem and DSL internet services. The company has advantages over existing wireless networks when it comes to speed, portability, and reliability (NASDAQ, 2008). In just a year’s time Clearwire was able to increase its number of subscribers from 206,000 to 394,000 (Cook, 2007). With a mission of continued growth of the business, Clearwire has plans to invest in building the network and acquiring necessary assets in order to expand. While revenues have increased expenses have as well therefore, making it impossible for the company to turn a profit (NASDAQ, 2008). As the demand for residential broadband grows the anticipation is that the need for anywhere internet access via WiMax will also increase substantially. However, with more companies offering high-speed wireless networks the expectation is that faster speeds will soon be offered at lower prices. Competition will no longer be based on operation but on price and in order for Clearwire to benefit from this they will need to have networks already in place. Remaining competitive in the industry will prove to be difficult for the early stage company (Cook, 2007). Clearwire entered the public market with significant losses and huge debt. The company simply needed IPO capital in order to survive. Losses are expected to increase in the years to come however; the belief is that by 2011 Clearwire will become profitable (Cook, 2007). Having a founder who has had much success in the industry and receiving backing by big-name investors, success is definitely possible for Clearwire. Research Papers on Gene One - the Transition from Private to PublicThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAmerican Central Banking and OilDefinition of Export QuotasDistance Learning Survival GuideInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringStandardized Testing

Art in the Stone Age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Art in the Stone Age - Research Paper Example The essay "Art in the Stone Age" discovers Stone Age's art. Despite the fact that there is no ‘written’ record of these people and their beliefs, the artwork they produced reveals much about the way they thought, what they believed and the technologies they had developed for the easing of everyday concerns or needs. Although both the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods are named for the dependence upon stone as the primary material for everything from tools to shelters, these two eras are distinctly different in the ideas expressed and the technologies mastered evidenced in their artwork as these objects were created. Although it is traditionally thought these two eras are easily marked by a profound shift in social development, this study will show that Paleolithic cave paintings are a highly innovative technology reveling a society far more advanced that previously thought. According to Phillip Myers (1904), early Paleolithic art is essentially non-existent. Based upon t hose items that have been found, the early Paleolithic period is marked by a concentration on the production of chipped flint tools with an occasional use of bones, horns, tusks or other material to assist in cutting, scraping and other survival needs. â€Å"What we know of Paleolithic man may be summed up as follows: he was a hunter and fisher; his habitation was a cave or rock shelter; his implements were in the main roughly shaped flints; he had no domestic animals save possibly the dog and the reindeer; he was ignorant.

Language Learning - Interview Analysis Assignment

Language Learning - Interview Analysis - Assignment Example This competence involves the knowledge that a listener or speaker has of what makes up accurate, proper, and effective language behaviour in relation to specific goals in communication (Ellis, 1994, p. 47). It is a common desire of students of a second language to understand and be understood by the native speakers of the target language whenever they communicate orally (Bailey, Long, & Peck, 1983, p. 17). Accent, diction, pronunciation, and enunciation are all considered significant elements of smooth and effective communication between a native speaker and a non-native speaker. It is also true that adult students of a second language, who mastered communicative competence in their mother tongue, tend to apply the rules of their mother tongue when trying to communicate using the target language. However, applying rules from one language to another language results in negative transfer (Krashen & Terrell, 1983, p. 53). Previous studies show disagreement among linguists regarding the effectiveness of a formal classroom set-up in teaching adults a second language (Krashen & Terrell, 1983, p. 56). ... iterature Review This study examined whether explicit instructions in the four areas of competence in the English language, namely, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and pragmatic, would aid students of the second language, particularly native Arabic speakers, in improving their English reading, listening, and speaking skills. Second Language Acquisition During the early 80s, the Input Hypothesis was proposed by Krashen in an attempt to answer questions related to acquiring a second language. He asserts the importance of focusing and understanding the meaning in the content. However, he also mentions that it is not enough. Another study claims that people cannot hear dissimilarities between sounds unless they learn to make these differences. It is therefore saying that people identify sounds based on the manner they produce these same sounds (Ladefoged, 1967, p. 98). However, one should understand that this particular process is not as simple as it sounds. Levelt’s Speech Produc tion Model in 1983 identifies that communication skills requires a process of utilizing words from the lexicon (vocabulary), implementation of grammatical coding (grammar), and then conveying a phonological coding (phonology). Pragmatic competence is acquired after all these processes, coupled with the proper balance of memory and control mechanism, are learned (Ellis, 1994, p. 51-2). Methodology Thorough analysis of errors made by language students aids in identifying teaching areas that need improvement (Corder, 1974, p. 32). Error analysis is utilized for this study, wherein the errors learners made were given focus. Particularly for this research, a native Arabic speaker was interviewed. Fatima has been studying English in the UK for over 4 months. However, it needs to be considered too that